How many ATP are produced per mole of CHO in aerobic metabolism?

In aerobic metabolism, the complete oxidation of one mole of carbohydrates (CHO) can yield a significant amount of ATP, typically around 36 to 38 ATP molecules. The number can vary slightly depending on the specific carbohydrate being metabolized, but 36 is a widely accepted figure.

During the process of glycolysis, glucose (a common carbohydrate) is converted into pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP. This pyruvate then enters the mitochondria, where it is further processed in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and the electron transport chain. In these latter stages, the majority of ATP is generated, primarily through oxidative phosphorylation, leading to the production of approximately 34 additional ATP.

Thus, when you calculate the total yield, combining the ATP produced during glycolysis and the subsequent metabolic processes, the result is around 36 ATP per mole of carbohydrate. This high yield underscores the efficiency of aerobic metabolism in energy production, emphasizing why aerobic pathways are favored during sustained, moderate to high-intensity exercise where oxygen availability is sufficient.